Pali mitundu inayi yainjini yodzichitira zokha ya mafakitalekatundu:

1, Mphamvu ya akavalo yosinthika ndi mphamvu yosasintha: Mphamvu ya akavalo yosinthika ndi mphamvu yosasintha imaphatikizapo ma conveyor, ma crane ndi ma gear pump. Mu ntchito izi, mphamvu ya akavalo imakhala yosasintha chifukwa katunduyo ndi wosasintha. Mphamvu ya akavalo yofunikira imatha kusiyana kutengera momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma mota a AC ndi DC azikhala othamanga nthawi zonse.

2, Mphamvu yosinthasintha ndi mphamvu ya akavalo yosasinthasintha: Chitsanzo cha mphamvu yosinthasintha ndi mphamvu ya akavalo yosasinthasintha ndi mapepala obwezerera m'mbuyo a makina. Liwiro la zinthuzo limakhalabe lomwelo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu ya akavalo siisintha. Komabe, pamene kukula kwa mpukutuwo kukukwera, katundu amasintha. Mu makina ang'onoang'ono, iyi ndi njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchitoMa mota a DCkapena ma mota a servo. Mphamvu yobwezeretsa mphamvu ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri ndipo iyenera kuganiziridwa posankha kukula kwa mota yamafakitale kapena posankha njira yowongolera mphamvu. Ma mota a Ac okhala ndi ma encoder, closed-loop control, ndi full-quadrant drives angathandize machitidwe akuluakulu.

3, mphamvu ya mahatchi yosinthika ndi mphamvu ya mahatchi: mafani, mapampu a centrifugal ndi ma agitator amafunika mphamvu ya mahatchi yosinthasintha ndi mphamvu ya mahatchi. Pamene liwiro la injini ya mafakitale likukwera, mphamvu ya katundu imawonjezekanso ndi mphamvu ya mahatchi ndi mphamvu ya mahatchi yofunikira. Mitundu iyi ya katundu ndi komwe kukambirana za mphamvu ya injini kumayambira, ndi ma inverters akukweza ma AC motors pogwiritsa ntchito ma variable speed drives (VSDs).

4, kuwongolera malo kapena kuwongolera mphamvu: Mapulogalamu monga ma linear drive, omwe amafunikira kuyenda molondola kupita ku malo angapo, amafunikira malo olimba kapena kuwongolera mphamvu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunikira mayankho kuti atsimikizire malo olondola a injini. Ma Servo kapena ma stepper motors ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri pa ntchito izi, koma ma DC motors okhala ndi ma feedback kapena inverter loaded AC motors okhala ndi ma encoders amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo kapena mapepala ndi ntchito zina zofanana.

 

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya injini zamafakitale

Ngakhale pali mitundu yoposa 36 yaMa mota a AC/DCamagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale. Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya ma mota, pali kusakanikirana kwakukulu m'mafakitale, ndipo msika walimbikitsa kuti kusankha ma mota kukhale kosavuta. Izi zimachepetsera kusankha kwa ma mota m'mafakitale ambiri. Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya ma mota yodziwika bwino, yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndi ma DC motors opanda maburashi ndi ma brushed, ma AC squirrel cage ndi ma winding rotor motors, ma servo ndi ma stepper motors. Mitundu iyi ya ma mota ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pomwe mitundu ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zapadera zokha.

 

Mitundu itatu ikuluikulu yainjini yamafakitalemapulogalamu

Ntchito zitatu zazikulu za ma mota a mafakitale ndi liwiro lokhazikika, liwiro losinthasintha, ndi kuwongolera malo (kapena torque). Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zodziyimira pawokha zamafakitale zimafuna ntchito ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana komanso magulu awoawo amavuto. Mwachitsanzo, ngati liwiro lalikulu lili lochepera liwiro loyerekeza la mota, bokosi la gear limafunika. Izi zimathandizanso mota yaying'ono kuti iziyenda pa liwiro lothandiza kwambiri. Ngakhale pali zambiri zambiri pa intaneti za momwe mungadziwire kukula kwa mota, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuganizira chifukwa pali zambiri zoti aziganizira. Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa katundu, torque, ndi liwiro kumafuna kuti wogwiritsa ntchito amvetsetse magawo monga kulemera konse ndi kukula (radius) kwa katundu, komanso kukangana, kutayika kwa bokosi la gear, ndi kuzungulira kwa makina. Kusintha kwa katundu, liwiro la kuthamanga kapena kuchepa kwa mphamvu, ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito kuyeneranso kuganiziridwa, apo ayi ma mota amakampani amatha kutentha kwambiri. Ma mota oyambitsa ma AC ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino cha ntchito zoyenda zamafakitale. Pambuyo posankha mtundu wa mota ndi kukula kwake, ogwiritsa ntchito amafunikanso kuganizira zinthu zachilengedwe ndi mitundu ya nyumba zamagalimoto, monga chimango chotseguka ndi ntchito zotsukira nyumba zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Momwe mungasankhire injini zamafakitale

Mavuto atatu akuluakulu ainjini yamafakitalekusankha

1. Mapulogalamu othamanga nthawi zonse?

Mu ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito liwiro lokhazikika, mota nthawi zambiri imayenda pa liwiro lofanana popanda kuganizira kwambiri za kuthamangitsa ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu. Mtundu uwu wa ntchito nthawi zambiri umagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zoyatsa/kuzima mzere wonse. Dongosolo lolamulira nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi fuse ya dera la nthambi yokhala ndi contactor, choyambira cha injini yamakampani chodzaza ndi overload, ndi chowongolera cha injini yamanja kapena choyambira chofewa. Ma mota onse a AC ndi DC ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito liwiro lokhazikika. Ma mota a Dc amapereka mphamvu yonse pa liwiro lopanda zero ndipo ali ndi maziko akulu oyika. Ma mota a Ac nawonso ndi chisankho chabwino chifukwa ali ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo safuna kukonza kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, makhalidwe apamwamba a mota ya servo kapena stepper angaonedwe ngati ochulukirapo pa ntchito yosavuta.

2. Pulogalamu yosinthasintha liwiro?

Kugwiritsa ntchito liwiro losinthasintha nthawi zambiri kumafuna kusintha kwa liwiro ndi liwiro laling'ono, komanso njira zoyendetsera liwiro ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu. Mu ntchito zenizeni, kuchepetsa liwiro la injini zamafakitale, monga mafani ndi mapampu a centrifugal, nthawi zambiri kumachitika kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito pogwirizanitsa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi katundu, m'malo mothamanga ndi liwiro lonse ndikuchepetsa kapena kuletsa kutulutsa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuziganizira poyendetsa monga mabotolo. Kuphatikiza kwa ma AC motors ndi VFDS kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti kuwonjezere magwiridwe antchito ndipo kumagwira ntchito bwino m'njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira liwiro. Ma AC ndi DC motors onse okhala ndi ma drive drive oyenera amagwira ntchito bwino m'njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira liwiro. Ma Dc motors ndi ma drive configurations akhala chisankho chokha cha ma variable speed motors, ndipo zigawo zawo zapangidwa ndi kutsimikiziridwa. Ngakhale pano, ma DC motors ndi otchuka m'njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira liwiro, fractional horsepower applications ndipo ndi othandiza m'njira zochepa zosinthira liwiro chifukwa amatha kupereka full torque pa liwiro lotsika komanso constant torque pa liwiro losiyanasiyana la injini zamafakitale. Komabe, kusamalira ma DC motors ndi nkhani yofunika kuganizira, chifukwa ambiri amafunikira kusintha ndi maburashi ndikutha chifukwa chokhudzana ndi ziwalo zosuntha. Ma mota a DC opanda maburashi amathetsa vutoli, koma ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri poyamba ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma mota a mafakitale omwe alipo ndi ochepa. Kuwonongeka kwa burashi si vuto ndi ma mota a AC induction, pomwe ma drive a variable frequency (VFDS) amapereka njira yothandiza pa mapulogalamu opitilira 1 HP, monga mafani ndi kupompa, zomwe zingapangitse kuti magwiridwe antchito azigwira ntchito bwino. Kusankha mtundu wa drive kuti muyendetse mota wa mafakitale kungapangitse kuti mudziwe malo. Chojambulira chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku mota ngati pulogalamuyo ikufuna, ndipo chojambulira chikhoza kufotokozedwa kuti chigwiritse ntchito mayankho a encoder. Zotsatira zake, kukhazikitsa kumeneku kungapereke liwiro lofanana ndi servo.

3. Kodi mukufuna kuwongolera malo?

Kuwongolera malo kolimba kumachitika potsimikizira nthawi zonse malo a mota pamene ikuyenda. Mapulogalamu monga kuyika ma linear drives angagwiritse ntchito ma stepper motors okhala ndi kapena opanda ma feedback kapena ma servo motors okhala ndi feedback. Stepper imasuntha molondola pamalo pa liwiro lochepa kenako imasunga malowo. Open loop stepper system imapereka mphamvu yowongolera malo ngati ili ndi kukula koyenera. Ngati palibe feedback, stepper imasuntha chiwerengero chenicheni cha masitepe pokhapokha ngati ikukumana ndi kusokonezeka kwa katundu kupitirira mphamvu yake. Pamene liwiro ndi mphamvu za ntchito zikuwonjezeka, open-loop stepper control sizingakwaniritse zofunikira za makinawo, zomwe zimafuna kusinthidwa ku stepper kapena servo motor system yokhala ndi feedback. Closed-loop system imapereka ma profiles olondola, othamanga kwambiri komanso kuwongolera malo molondola. Servo systems imapereka ma torque apamwamba kuposa ma steppers pa liwiro lalikulu ndipo imagwiranso ntchito bwino mu dynamic loads kapena complex motion applications. Pa mayendedwe apamwamba okhala ndi low position overshoot, reflective load inertia iyenera kufanana ndi servo motor inertia momwe zingathere. Mu mapulogalamu ena, kusagwirizana mpaka 10:1 ndikokwanira, koma 1:1 match ndi yabwino kwambiri. Kuchepetsa magiya ndi njira yabwino yothetsera vuto la inertia mismatch, chifukwa inertia ya katundu wowonetsedwa imatsitsidwa ndi sikweya ya chiŵerengero cha ma transmission, koma inertia ya gearbox iyenera kuganiziridwa powerengera.