Kusiyana pakati pa ma asynchronous ndi synchronous motors

1. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito:
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya injini ya asynchronous imatengera mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya injini yolowera. Pamene rotor ya injini ya asynchronous imakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira, mphamvu yowonongeka imapangidwa mu injini yopangira magetsi, yomwe imapanga torque, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti rotor iyambe kuzungulira. Izi zimayambitsidwa ndi kusuntha kwapakati pakati pa rotor ndi maginito ozungulira. Chifukwa chake, liwiro la rotor la motor asynchronous nthawi zonse limakhala lotsika pang'ono kuposa liwiro la maginito ozungulira, chifukwa chake amatchedwa "asynchronous" motor.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya motor synchronous imatengera mfundo yogwira ntchito ya motor synchronous. Kuthamanga kwa rotor kwa motor synchronous kumalumikizidwa ndendende ndi liwiro la maginito ozungulira, motero amatchedwa "synchronous" motor. Ma motors a synchronous amapanga mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira kudzera pakusintha kwapano komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi magetsi akunja, kotero kuti rotor imathanso kuzungulira molumikizana. Ma synchronous motors nthawi zambiri amafunikira zida zakunja kuti chozungulira chikhale cholumikizidwa ndi maginito ozungulira, monga mafunde akumunda kapena maginito okhazikika.

2. Mapangidwe ake:
Mapangidwe a mota asynchronous ndi osavuta ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi stator ndi rotor. Pali ma windings atatu pa stator omwe amasunthidwa ndi magetsi ndi madigiri a 120 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake kuti apange mphamvu ya maginito yozungulira kupyolera mumakono. Pa rotor nthawi zambiri pamakhala chowongolera chamkuwa chomwe chimapangitsa kuti maginito azitha kuzungulira ndikupanga torque.
Kapangidwe ka motor synchronous ndizovuta, nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza stator, rotor ndi dongosolo losangalatsa. Dongosolo losangalatsa litha kukhala gwero lamagetsi la DC kapena maginito osatha, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga maginito ozungulira. Palinso ma windings pa rotor kuti alandire mphamvu ya maginito yopangidwa ndi dongosolo lachisangalalo ndikupanga torque.

3. Makhalidwe a liwiro:
Popeza liwiro la rotor la asynchronous motor nthawi zonse limakhala lotsika pang'ono kuposa liwiro la maginito ozungulira, liwiro lake limasintha ndi kukula kwa katundu. Pansi pa katundu wovekedwa, liwiro lake lidzakhala lotsika pang'ono kuposa liwiro lovotera.
Kuthamanga kwa rotor kwa motor synchronous kumagwirizana kwathunthu ndi liwiro la maginito ozungulira, kotero liwiro lake ndilokhazikika ndipo silimakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa katundu. Izi zimapereka ma synchronous motors mwayi pamapulogalamu omwe kuwongolera liwiro kumafunika.

4. Njira yowongolera:
Popeza kuthamanga kwa injini ya asynchronous kumakhudzidwa ndi katundu, zida zowonjezera zowongolera nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuti zitheke kuwongolera liwiro. Njira zowongolera zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kuwongolera pafupipafupi kutembenuka kwachangu ndikuyamba kofewa.
Ma synchronous motors amakhala ndi liwiro lokhazikika, kotero kuwongolera ndikosavuta. Kuwongolera liwiro kumatha kutheka posintha kusangalatsa komweku kapena mphamvu ya maginito ya maginito okhazikika.

5. Magawo ofunsira:
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osavuta, otsika mtengo, komanso oyenerera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso ma torque, ma asynchronous motors amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, monga kupanga magetsi amphepo, mapampu, mafani, ndi zina zambiri.
Chifukwa cha liwiro lake lokhazikika komanso mphamvu zowongolera zenizeni, ma motors synchronous ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera liwiro lolondola, monga ma jenereta, ma compressor, malamba otumizira, ndi zina zambiri pamakina amagetsi.

Nthawi zambiri, ma asynchronous motors ndi ma synchronous motors ali ndi kusiyana koonekeratu pamikhalidwe yawo yogwirira ntchito, mawonekedwe ake, mawonekedwe othamanga, njira zowongolera ndi magawo ogwiritsira ntchito. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku kungathandize posankha mtundu wamoto woyenera kuti ukwaniritse zofunikira zaumisiri.

Wolemba: Sharon